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In this study, we aimed to develop foods with antitumor and complementary effects against cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant bladder cancer. UMUC3, a human bladder cancer cell line was exposed to CDDP and cultured over a prolonged period to prepare UMUC3-CR, a CDDP-resistant subline. Androgen receptor mRNA expression was high in the UMUC3-CR subline. Genistein and vitamin C suppressed UMUC3-CR tumor growth. Additionally, the liberal intake of cheese in parental cell UMUC3-transplanted mice was associated with prolonged survival. Therefore, we created konjac jelly (KIK300) containing soy milk, cheese, and vitamin C as the main ingredients. Liberal administration of KIK300 to UMUC3-CR-transplanted mice suppressed tumor growth and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression. Furthermore, we observed no weight loss in the animals, their skin condition improved, and exercise capacity was improved. In conclusion, this study suggests that KIK300 may show antitumor and complementary effects on CDDP-resistant bladder cancer.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of five systematic randomized protocols using 12–20 biopsy cores with variably-sized phantoms. METHODS: A total of 100 prostate phantom models were produced by casting liquid devil's tongue jelly using silicone molds. Sets of 20 phantoms were created with the following volumes: 20 mL, 40 mL, 60 mL, 80 mL, and 100 mL. Three focal lesions were created by injecting 0.5 mL of warm agar solution stained with red, blue, and green ink into each phantom model. The focal lesions were verified by ultrasonography. The systematic randomized biopsy protocols consisted of 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 biopsy cores. The diagnostic yield of the multiple systematic biopsy protocols was compared. RESULTS: The overall detection rates of each model set were 93.3% for 20 mL, 88.3% for 40 mL, 71.7% for 60 mL, 43.3% for 80 mL, and 30.0% for 100 mL. Statistically significant differences in the detection rate were found between 40 mL and 60 mL and between 60 mL and 80 mL. No statistically significant increase in the detection rate was observed within a given volume set even when the number of core biopsies increased from 12 to 20. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic yield of systematic randomized biopsies is inversely proportional to the phantom volume.
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Agar , Amorphophallus , Biopsy , Fungi , Ink , Prostate , Silicon , Silicones , Tongue , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from the roots and tubers of konjac plants. Recently, a degraded product of KGM, depolymerized KGM (DKGM), has attracted attention because of its low viscosity, improved hydrophily, and favorable physiological functions. In this review, we describe the preparation of DKGM and its prebiotic effects. Other health benefits of DKGM, covering antioxidant and immune activity, are also discussed, as well as its safety. DKGM could be a candidate for use as a tool for the treatment of various diseases, including intestinal flora imbalance, and oxidative- and immune-related disorders.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Amorphophallus , Chemistry , Antioxidants , Therapeutic Uses , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Immunologic Factors , Therapeutic Uses , Mannans , Therapeutic Uses , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Polymerization , Prebiotics , Safety , ViscosityABSTRACT
Objective To optimize the formula of konjac glucomannan-paeonol matrix tablets. Methods The formula of paeonol matrix tablets was optimized by the orthogonal design with the accumulative release rate in vitro as index, with the viscosity of konjac glucomannan ( KGM) , the amount of KGM and lactose as influence factors. Results The optimized formula was as follows:the viscosity of konjac glucomannan was 20 000 mPa·s, KGM 30%, lactose 20% and the release in vitro fit into the Higuchi equation. Conclusion The formula of the paeonol matrix tablets is reasonable and the tablets have well release effect in vitro.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of konjac glucomannan (KGM) on properties of superporous hydrogel (SPH).
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Armillariella tabescens EJLY2098 was capable of secreting p-mannanase by konjac inducement. A 34 orthogonal design was applied to determine the optimum medium of inducing mannanase by Armillariella tabescens EJLY2098. The results suggested that Armillariella tabescens EJLY2098 secreted the high-activity enzyme in the optimum medium, which was composed of 2% konjac, 1% peptone, 25% potato juice,0.3% KH2PO4,15% MgSO4?7H2O, 0.01% VitB1. Purified by DEAE-anion exchange chromatography, two eluting peaks (P1 and P2) with the p-mannanase activity were obtained, and one of them (named?-mannanase P2) was a single band by the SDS-PAGE, and the molecular weight of?-mannanase P2 was 78. 9kDa. The isoelectric point of?-mannanase P2 was estimated to be 4.0-4. 1. The optimum activity for the enzyme was found at 60℃and pH4. 0 - 6. 0, and the enzyme was stable between pH4. 5 - 6. 0. The activity of?-mannanase P2 were enhanced by Na+ and Ba2+ . This?-mannanase can be used in feed industy. a new fungi secreting?-mannanase was obtained, providing an important base for cloning mannanase gene and constructing recombin microbe expressing?-mannanase .
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Objective To study the effect of Konjac polysaccharide (KP) on motilin (MOT) and somatostatin (SS) of gastrointestinal tissue in mice. Methods The mice were divided into four groups randomly. Normal control group (NC) was given normal feed. High, middle, low dose KP treated groups (KPH,KPM,KPL)were given KP 0.8, 0.4, 0.2g per 100g normal feed. The level of motilin and somatostatin of gastrointestinal. tissue was determined simultaneously by radioimmunassay, and blood glucose was determined by blood glucose analyzer after 20 d. Body weight, adipose tissue and wet weight of stool were also examined. Results The level of motilin of stools of KPH group was 8.26?0.53ng/g ,which increased compared with NC group.Somatostatin was 207.32?21.89 ng/g ,which decreased compared with NC group. The differences between two groups were significant (P
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Objective: To study the effects of Amorphophallus konjac refined powder combined with minimal flavonids on antioxidation , serum lipids and body weight in rats .Method: Wistar rats were divided into four groups fed with different diets, and then antioxidative ability of blood and liver, levels of serum lipids and body weight were detected and analysed in rats. Results: Konjac refined powder combined with Ginkgo biloba flavonids could decrease MDA content and increase activities of SOD and GSH-Px significantly, and also reduce serum TC, LDL-C, TG levels, improve HDL-C level in rats. As to antiobesity, no notable difference was found .Conclusion: Combined with flavonids, the antioxidation of Konjac food is improved significantly, and serum lipids level is decreased, but antiobesity effect is in-significant.
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Objective To investigate the effects of hawthorn powder, refined konjac flour and their compound on the levels of lipid and NO in plasma of rats being induced to hyperlipidemia by high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Methods Fifty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups which were fed with normal diet, high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFD), HFD plus hawthorn powder, HFD plus refined konjac flour, HFD plus hawthorn and konjac compound, respectively. At week 4 and 8, 20 and 30 rats respectively were sacrificed for detecting the levels of lipid and NO in the blood. Results Hawthorn powder, refined konjac flour and their compound could significantly inhibit the increase of blood total cholesterol, triglycerol, VLDL-C, LDL-C induced by HFD and can significantly increase HDL-C and NO in plasma. Conclusion Hawthorn powder, refined konjac flour and their compound have the lipid-lowering effect. The hawthorn and konjac compound has better effects on increasing HDL-D and reducing VLDL-C. So they are beneficial to the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Objective To study the formulation and preparation factors influencing in vitro release mechanism of drug from?-carrageenan/konjac glucomannan hydrophilic matrix tablets.Methods The matrix tablets containing sinomenine hydrochloride as a model drug were obtained by direct compression method or wet granulation technique.The effects of the ratios of?-carrageenan/konjac glucomannan,the amount of matrix materials,the kinds of diluent agent,tablet size,preparation method,and compressing pressure on release mechanism of the matrix tablets were studied by evaluating the n value in the Peppas equation. Results The release mechanism of the matrix tablets was non-Fickian release that coupled diffusion and erosion modle.With a decrease in the ratio of?-carrageenan/konjac glucomannan,a decrease in the amount of matrix materials,a decrease in the water-solubility of diluent agents,an increase in tablet size,and a decrease in compressing pressure,the ratio of drug diffusion was increased.Preparation method had little influence on drug release mechanism.Conclusion Drug could be slowly released from the matrix tablets containing?-carrageenan/konjac glucomannan as matrix material,the main factors influencing drug release mechanism are the ratio of?-carrageenan/konjac glucomannan,the amount of matrix materials, the kinds of diluent agent,tablet size,and compressing pressure.
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AIM: The drug release characteristics of ?-carrageenan/konjac glucomannan matrix tablet were elvated by in vitro dissolution experiment. METHODS: Sinomenine hydrochloride was used as model drug,the matrix tablet containing ?-carrageenan and konjac glucomannan as matrix material were prepared by wet granulation technique. Drug release and tablet erosion in different pH values,ionic strength of media and rotation speeds were studied by in vitro dissolution experiment. The data of drug release and matrix tablet erosion were confirmed in Peppas and zero order equation,respectively. RESULTS: Among the rate of drug release in different media,0. 1 mol/L HCl was the fastest,distilled water was the second,pH6. 8 PBS was the slowest. The rate of drug release decreased with increasing the ionic strength of media(P 0. 1). The rate of drug release increased with increasing the rotation speeds(P
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AIM:To study the effects of pH and ionic strength of release media on in vitro berberine hydrochloride(BH)released from carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan(CMKGM)pellets and to evaluate its characteristics.METHODS:The CMKGM pellets were prepared by ionotropic gelation with BH as the model drug.In vitro drug release,dynamic swelling and erosion percent of the pellets were studied respectively in release media with different pH(pH 1.0、pH 5.0、pH 6.8、 pH 7.4)or different ionic strength(pH 6.8 PBS with 2、4、6、8 g/L NaCl).The amount of BH released were confirmed in different equation to evaluate BH release mechanism of the pellets.RESULTS:With the increased of pH value or the decreased of ionic strength of the release media,the swelling ratio and erosion percent of the pellets increased,the BH release rate increased.The release of BH in HCl solution was film-controlled and exhibited zero order kinetic equation;the release of BH in PBS was non-Fickian release that coupled diffusion and erosion of the pellets matrix,exhibited Peppas equation.CONCLUSION:The swelling ratio and erosion percent of CMKGM pellets is related to pH and ionic strength of the release media,which influence BH released and release mechanism of the pellets.
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AIM: To evaluate colon-oriented delivery characteristics of berberine hydrochloricde(BH) containing carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan(CMKGM) pellets. METHODS: BH-containing CMKGM pellets(pellets group) and BH-containing carboxymethyl cellulose suspension(control group) were intragastric administrated to rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg,respectively.Blood samples were obtained from the rat femoral artery,the gastric、entric、cecal、colonic tissues and their contents sampled at a given interval to measure the concentration of BH by HPLC.The bar charts of relative content of BH in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and theirs contents were drawn.Drug delivery index(DDI) was calculated. RESULTS: Compared with the control group,the concentration and distribution of BH in gastric、enteric tissue and their contents decreased significantly,but in cecal、colonic tissue and their contents less at first,and more than the control group after 2～6 h.The DDI values of the pellets to gastric,enteric,cecal,colonic tissue and their contents were 0.392 4,0.478 6,3.916,4.193,(0.162 8,)0.619 4,3.843,4.087 against the control group,respectively. CONCLUSION: CMKGM pellets may be a useful colon-specific drug delivery system for BH.
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Bacillus subtilis is a good producer of mannanase.This is the first study to investigate mannanase production under solid state fermentation(SSF) by Bacillus subtilis.Bacillus subtilis WY34 was used for the production of extracellular mannanase in the SSF of wheat bran.The highest mannanase activity was 7,650 U/g dry matter when the following conditions were used: wheat bran 5g,initial moisture content 71%,Tween-80 1%,konjac powder 0.4 g,initial pH 7.0,incubation temperature 50 ℃.Enzyme production was increased 178% after optimization.
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Having fed the rats with high-lipid food added with amorphophallue konjac powder 3.3-6.2g/Kg/d for thirty days,we observed an effective prevention of the significant incerese in serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride,and a boost of serum HDL-C,with effects more obvious than that of clofibrate.A significant decreas in serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride could also occur after feeding amorphophallue konjac powder 2.6-5.og/Kg/d to the rats with hyperlipidemia for ten days,the effect being more obvious than that of clofibrate.The result of the pathological examination of the liver also showed that amorphophallue konjac powder had an obvious hypolipidemic effect.
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Seventy two diabetic subjects type Ⅱ were given konjac food for 65 days.The data analysed by multiple F-test indicated that the fasting blood glucosc(FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG) at the 30th and 65th day after consuming the food were significantly reduced (P = 0.001, P200mg%) decreased on the average by 51.8 and 84.6 mg% respectively, those with FBG-O 150-200 mg% by 24.1 and 68.7mg%, and those with FBG-0200 mg%).It could be concluded that konjac food was very useful in both prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia.
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In order to evaluate appropriately the role of lipid metabolism by the refined konjac meal (RKM), a new source of dietary fiber, the effects of RKM on the level of serum and liver lipids, hepatic histopathology and on the composition and output of fecal bile acids in comparison with pectin, algin and agar were studied.The RKM contained about 75-80% of glucomannan. All four kinds of dietary fiber "were given at a level of 5% in the diet to the young male Wistar rats fed on a lipid-rich diet containing 5% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.25% chplate. The control group was fed on a lipid-rich diet alone withput fiber. The normal group was fed on a basal diet without extra lipid added. Feeding period was 9 weeks.The results obtained were as follows;1)All the dietary fibers tested have the similar effects on serum lipid composition. At the end of 2-week of the experiment, the serum total cholesterol levels of the four experimental groups were only 62% to 75% of that of the control group, and at the end of 7-week they were lowered to the same level of the normal group. The level of the triglyceride in serum did not change in all groups during the experiment.2)Relative liver weights were lower in four experimental groups than in control group. Hepatic hisiopathological examinations showed lipotropic effect in RKM, pectin and algin groups. Both of the above effects appeared most significantly in RKM group. The concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver in RKM group were lower than those in control group as well as other three experimental groups.3)No harmful effects on the intake of food and growing of rats were found when feeding these four kinds of dietary fiber at the level of 5%.4)The daily output of fecal bile acids (CDCA + GDCA) was significantly increased in four experimental groups.The increase of fecal output of bile acids, especially CDCA, may be one of the mechanisms of hypocholesterola-emic effect of dietary fibers.It could be concluded that RKM has the same significant hypocholestero-lemic effect as the pectin, algin and agar, but its lipotropic effect is more potent.
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The influence of refined konjac meal(RKM) on the absorption of dietary zinc, iron, and calcium in rats and human subjects was studied. RKM containing 75-80% glucomannan was prepared and refined from tubers of Amor-phophallus konjac K. KochMale and female SD rats aged 6 weeks were equally divided by randomized blocking into 5 groups of 10 (5M, 5F). The control group was fed on a basai diet, and the other four test groups were also fed on a basal diet but substituting 0.5%, 1%, 5%, or 10% of the RKM respectively for corn-starch. The feeding experiment lasted six weeks during which balance studies of the tested minerals were carried out at the end of every two weeks. At the end of the second week the absorption of zinc was significantly lower in the 5% and 10% RKM groups than that of the control group, but from the week on, the digestibility lowering effect of RKM disappered, perhaps on account of adaptation. As for iron or calcium, no digestibility lowering effect of RKM was observed during the whole experimental period. No reduction in serum levels of these three minerals was observed.Twelve young adult subjects (6M, 6F) participated in a 9-day feeding trial. For the first three days (control period), they were taken ordinary meals without RKM, but during the subsequent 6 days (test period), RKM was added to the ordinary meals in 3-gram increments every two days (i.e beginning with 3g per day for two days, then 6g per day for the consecutive two days and finally 9g per day for the last two days). Mineral analyses were conducted on the subjects' food and stool samples which were collected and weighed separately on the third and ninth day. Results obtaiud indicated that consuming a therapeutic dosage of RKM in association with meals did not influence the absorption of dietary zinc, iron or calcium.
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The Konjac flour (KF) was from Amorphallus Konjac, a kind of food, rich in dietary fibre composed mainly of gluco-mannan, but trace protein and very low energy.Male and female Spraue-Dawley rats aged 24 days were divided into 3 groups. All 3 groups were fed with high lipid and high nutrition diet. The group A was set as control, group B and group C plus KF in diet daily oral dose of 1.9mg/g and 19mg/g body weight respectively.After 45 days feeding, the following results were obtained;1. The increases of body weight in rats were reduced by oral KF.2. The size of fat cells in abdominal tissue and fat weight were greater in control group than in the other groups. These results suggest that KF has a significant effect on reducing obesity.3. No significant differences were found among the three groups in serum of chol, TG and some elements.4. The moist faeces in the KF groups were greater than the control group5. No side effects were found on the tests.
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With food containing konjac flour, a 45-day-long feeding trial on 110 old people suffering from hyperlipidemia was conducted to observe the effect of konjac food on lipid metabolism of human beings.The konjac flour was from Amorphophallus konjac, a kind of traditional food, with trace protein and very low energy, but rich in dietary fibre composed mainly of gluco-mannan.The results obtained were as follows;1.After having konjac flour 5g/day as a supplement of their regular meal for 45 days, concentration of TG, TC and LDLC in the serum of the experimental subjects decreased significantly (P